Side effects

Lymphoedema

In order to understand lymphoedema and how to manage the problems associated with this condition, it is necessary to appreciate how the lymphatic system functions.

The Lymphatic System drains excess fluid from the tissues; this fluid consists mainly of water and protein. It might be thought of as blood without the red blood cells. The fluid originates in the blood vessels and moves into the body tissues. This fluid, called lymph, drains into a system of lymph vessels (lymphatics).

Lymph nodes or lymph glands are contained within this system and contain cells that filter and attempt to combat infection and tumours. These nodes vary in size and number in each individual.

If a lymph channel becomes damaged or blocked, eg. by surgery or radiotherapy, lymph fluid is unable to pass from peripheral body parts back to the venous blood circulation via the lymph vessel. Extra fluid builds up in the tissue and gives rise to the condition known as lymphoedema.

Lymphoedema is dependent on a number of things:

• Type of surgery and subsequent treatment.
• The number of nodes that have been removed and the impact this has on the individual’s drainage system.

Lymphoedema can sometimes develop in the arm or the leg following node dissection for the treatment of melanoma. Once lymphoedema has occurred, it can become a permanent condition. It can usually be reduced or controlled by various methods.

 

This patient has lymphoedema affecting the left ankle and foot following surgery to the lymph glands in the groin.